Convert between 755 and rwxr-xr-x, with setuid, setgid and sticky supported
| Who | Read | Write | Execute |
|---|---|---|---|
| Owner (u) | |||
| Group (g) | |||
| Others (o) |
The three digits stand for owner, group and others, in that order. Each digit is read 4 plus write 2 plus execute 1, so 7 is 4+2+1 (read, write and execute), 5 is 4+1 (read and execute) and 4 is read only.
755 is the usual choice for directories and executables. On a directory the execute bit means "you may enter it", so removing it makes the directory unusable even when it is readable. 644 is the usual choice for regular files: the owner can edit, everyone else can only read. Older guides still suggest 777 for web files, which lets anyone overwrite them; avoid it on shared hosts.
The leading digit of the four-digit form holds the special bits. setuid (4) runs the program as its owner and setgid (2) does the same for the group. setgid on a directory makes new files inherit the parent group, which is why shared directories use it. sticky (1) is the 1777 on /tmp: everyone may write, but nobody may delete another user's files.
An uppercase S or T in the symbolic form means the special bit is set while the execute bit is not. That combination is usually unintended, so this tool shows the case faithfully.
| Numeric | Symbolic | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| 644 | rw-r--r-- | Regular files. Only the owner can edit |
| 755 | rwxr-xr-x | Directories, executables, shell scripts |
| 600 | rw------- | SSH private keys, .env and other private config |
| 664 | rw-rw-r-- | Files edited by several people in one group |
| 1777 | rwxrwxrwt | /tmp. Anyone may write, nobody may delete others' files |
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The owner gets read, write and execute; group and others get read and execute. Each digit is read 4 plus write 2 plus execute 1, so 7 is 4+2+1 and 5 is 4+1. It is the usual mode for directories and executables.
Use 644 for regular files and 755 for directories and executables. On a directory the execute bit means permission to enter it, so removing x from a directory makes it unusable.
Because the special bit is set while the execute bit at that position is not. Lowercase s or t means the execute bit is set as well. Uppercase is usually unintended, so it is worth checking.
No. The conversion and the command are produced entirely in your browser with JavaScript. Nothing you type leaves the page.